Causes of Sinus Problems

Infections

Sinusitis is often caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. These infections can result from the common cold, flu, or allergies. Infections cause inflammation and swelling of the sinus lining, leading to blockage and congestion.

Allergies

Allergic reactions to substances such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain foods can trigger sinus problems. When allergens are inhaled, they can irritate the sinus lining and trigger an allergic response, leading to sinusitis.

Structural abnormalities

Structural issues within the nasal passages or sinuses can contribute to sinus problems. Deviated septum (a shift in the nasal septum), nasal polyps (noncancerous growths in the nasal lining), or narrow sinus openings can obstruct normal sinus drainage, causing inflammation and infection.

Environmental factors

Exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, chemicals, or strong odors can irritate the sinuses and lead to sinus problems. Dry air or changes in air pressure can also affect the sinuses.

Nasal congestion

Anything that causes nasal congestion or blockage can contribute to sinus problems. Common causes include colds, flu, allergies, sinus infections, or even certain medications that cause nasal congestion as a side effect.

Immune system issues

Conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS or autoimmune disorders, can increase the risk of developing sinus problems. A weakened immune system may not effectively fight off infections, leading to chronic or recurrent sinusitis.

Dental infections

Infections in the teeth or gums can spread to the sinuses, causing sinus problems. This typically occurs when the upper back teeth are affected, as their roots are in close proximity to the maxillary sinuses.